(1) wine brewing process
→ sorting → fruit broken, in addition to pulp stem → → → separation of juice clarified juice → → → inverted barrel fermented wine storage → → → cold filtration process filter → → → finished product deployment
(2) process outlined
Before the fermentation process: Prue-treatment including fruit sorting, crushing, squeezing, juice clarification, juice and other improvements.
Broken, in addition to stem: broken requirement each and broken seeds, but seeds and stems can not be broken, otherwise the oil seed esters, glucoses stems of some of the material and the material will increase the bitter taste of wine. Broken immediately after the pulp pulp and stems separated, to prevent the stems and bitter substances in the Wing Cower dissolution. A double-roll crusher broken machine, drum-shaped scraper crusher, centrifugal crusher, hammer crusher and so on.
Juice residue separation: pressure not broken out on their own juice, fruit juice called gravity, pressure and outflow pressure of the sap is called juice. Good quality artesian juice, fermentation alone should take high-quality wine. Press twice for the first time gradually pressurized, as the juice pressed out of the flesh, slightly lower quality and should be in brewing, juice can also be combined with gravity. The residue loose, with or without water, for a second pressing, pressing juice mixed flavor, low quality, should be distilled or other purposes. Equipment is generally a continuous screw press.
Juice clarification: pressure in some of the juice in the fermentation of insoluble substances will have an undesirable effect, bring the wine to savor, and, with the clarification of fruit juice Preparation of high colloidal stability, the role of oxygen is not sensitive, pale wine, low iron content, aromatic stability, refreshing wine quality. Clarify the method can be found in fruit juice clarification.
Sulfur dioxide treatment: the role of sulfur dioxide in wine there is sterilization, clarification, anti-oxidation, by acids, the dissolution of pigment and tannin substances, reduction, the flavor of the wine changed for the better and so on. Use of sulfur dioxide and sulfite’s are sulfur dioxide gas, the former can pass directly into the pipeline, which is soluble in water is required to join. Concentration of sulfur dioxide in the fermentation substrate 60-Mg / L. In addition, the need to consider the following factors: high sugar content of raw materials, combined with the opportunity to increase sulfur dioxide, a slight increase in dosage; high acid content of raw materials, active sulfur dioxide content, the amount of slightly reduced; temperatures are high, easily combined and volatile, slightly reduced amount; content and microbial activity, the more complex, the higher amount; mildew serious, the amount of increase.
Juice of adjustment:
① sugar adjustment: brewing alcohol content of 10% -12% of the wine, juice Br ix to be 17-20 ° Bx. Mainly the need to add sugar if sugar, or sucrose commonly used in the actual processing of juice.
② Adjust acid: acid inhibit bacterial growth, the fermentation carried out smoothly; the color of bright red wine; so fresh alcohol, and has a soft feel; esters with alcohols to generate and increase the wine’s aroma; increased wine storage and stability . Dry wine is easy 0.6% to 0.8%, 0.8% -1% of the general wine pH greater than 3.6 or less than 0.65% tit ratable acidity of fruit juice should be acid.
Alcoholic fermentation:
① Preparation of yeast: yeast that is expanded by adding cultured yeast fermented mash, production can be expanded by adding three times, respectively, said a culture (test tube or flask culture), two culture, three culture, and finally barrels with yeast culture. As follows:
A train: about 10 days before production, the election is no deterioration of the mature fruit, squeeze juice. Into clean, dry heat sterilization over the test tube or flask. Tube interior volume of 1 / 4, the flask is 1 / 2. Equipment sterilization in boiling water at atmospheric pressure after one hour or KP for 30 minutes. After cooling, access to culture bacteria, shaking fruit juice to make it spread. Were cultured for fermentation can be strong when the lower culture.
Two culture: in a clean, dry heat sterilization of the flask contents 1 / 2 fruit juice, access to the culture medium, were cultured.
Three train: choose clean, sterile 10L around a large glass bottle, into the bolt, add juice to the fermentation volume of 70%. Pasteurization or sterilization with sulfurous acid, which should contain fruit juice per liter SO Mg, but need to place one day. Bottle with 70% alcohol for disinfection, access to two strains, the amount of 2% in the culture incubator, breeding strong, the total expansion of use.
Barrel yeast culture: the yeast barrels sterilized with SO, into 12-ibex juice, incubated at 28-30 ℃ 1 to 2 days as the production of yeast. The yeast can be cultured directly into the fermentation broth, the amount of 2% to 10%.
② fermentation equipment: fermentation temperature control equipment requirements should be easy to wash, sewage, ventilation good and so on. Should be cleaned before use, or formaldehyde fumigation with SO treatment. Fermentation vessel made of fermented wine storage can also be dual-use, requiring no leakage, can closed, not with wine from the chemical reaction. There ferments, fermentation tank, there are specialized fermentation equipment, such as rotation and fermentation tanks, fermentation tanks and other automatic continuous cycle.
Juice fermentation: fermentation sub-master (former) fermentation and after fermentation, primary fermentation, the juice into the container to within the capacity of the container volume into 4 / 5, then add 3% to 5% of the yeast, stir, temperature control in 20-28 ℃, the activity of yeast fermentation time and fermentation with temperature changes, usually about 3 to 12 days. Reduced to 0.4% residual sugar below the main fermentation end. Then be post-fermentation, the wine will cellar container closed and moved, in the 12 ~ 28 ℃ placed about 1 month. Clarification after the end of fermentation, clarification and juice the same way.
Product deployment: the deployment of the main wine blending and adjustment. Blending the original choice of wine mixed with an appropriate proportion; adjustment that is based on product quality standards for some elements of blending wine to adjust. Blending, the first general election a quality close to the standards of the original wine as a basis of the original wine, according to one or several of its shortcomings choose another wine for blending wine, after adding a certain proportion of sensory and chemical analysis to determine the ratio. Adjustments, mainly alcohol, sugar, acid and other indicators. Adjustment is best to use alcohol with alcohol content of wine varieties for deployment, but also add distilled spirits or alcohol; sweet if sugar shortage, with the same varieties of the best juice, sugar can also be used, depending on the quality of the product be; citric acid points less available.
Filtration, sterilization, bottling: filter with diatoms earth filter, sheet filter, micro porous membrane filtration. Wine used glass bottles. Bottling, the bottles of lye with 2-4% above the temperature at 50 ℃ after soaking, clean, drain the water after disinfection. Wine can be pasteurized and then bottled hot or cold bottles, low alcohol wine, should be sterilized after the bottling.